Targeting Broad Queries in Search

Source: https://codeascraft.com/2015/07/29/targeting-broad-queries-in-search/ Author: Etsy Engineering

Summary

Etsy’s approach to handling “broad” or “head” queries — high-volume, ambiguous queries like “necklace” or “bag” that have many valid interpretations. These queries require diversity and exploration rather than precision.

The Problem

Broad queries cover a huge semantic space. A user searching “necklace” might want:

  • Gold vs. silver
  • Minimalist vs. statement
  • Budget vs. luxury
  • Handmade vs. manufactured

Standard relevance scoring fails here — there’s no single “best” document.

Approach: Diversity Over Precision

For broad queries, Etsy shifted objective from “find the best matching item” to “show a diverse, representative sample of the space.” Techniques:

  • Query classification: identify whether a query is broad/head vs. navigational/specific
  • Diversity injection: ensure results span multiple interpretations
  • Thermodynamic analogy: use entropy-based metrics to measure and optimize for result diversity (see How Etsy Uses Thermodynamics for Search)